osteoartriitin

Osteoartriitti, often referred to as osteoarthritis, is a degenerative joint disease and the most common form of arthritis. It is characterized by the breakdown of cartilage, the smooth, slippery tissue that cushions the ends of bones within a joint. As cartilage wears away, bone can rub against bone, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.

The exact causes of osteoarthritis are not fully understood, but several factors are known to contribute. These include aging, as cartilage naturally degrades over time, and mechanical stress on joints from overuse or injury. Genetics also plays a role, with some individuals being more predisposed to developing the condition. Obesity is a significant risk factor, particularly for weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips, as excess weight increases the load on these joints.

Osteoarthritis commonly affects the hands, knees, hips, and spine, although it can occur in any joint. Symptoms typically develop gradually and can include joint pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest, stiffness, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity, and a grating sensation when the joint is moved. Swelling and a reduced range of motion are also common.

Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination, a review of medical history, and imaging tests such as X-rays, which can reveal cartilage loss and bone spurs. There is no cure for osteoarthritis, but treatments focus on managing symptoms and improving function. These may include pain relievers, anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, exercise, weight management, and in severe cases, joint replacement surgery.