locclusione

Locclusione is a term used in Italian dentistry to describe a localized occlusal condition, where the contact relationship between the upper and lower teeth is abnormal in a limited region of the dental arches. It differs from generalized occlusion, which concerns the overall bite. Locclusione may involve premature contacts, high points, or asymmetric guidance that causes abnormal loading during function.

Causes of locclusione include tooth misalignment, drift after tooth loss, over-contoured or under-prepared restorations, restorations that create high spots, and shifts due to dental trauma or periodontal changes. Bite criteria may be influenced by dental wear, eruption anomalies, or skeletal relationships that predispose certain teeth to abnormal contacts.

Clinical features commonly include localized wear facets, tooth sensitivity, minor mobility in the involved teeth, muscle fatigue or tenderness during chewing, and occasional temporomandibular discomfort when the problematic area bears load. Diagnosis is based on patient history and a focused intraoral examination, supported by occlusal analysis using articulating paper, foil, or digital bite registration. Imaging such as panoramic radiographs or CBCT can help identify underlying dental or skeletal contributors.

Management is aimed at addressing the underlying cause and distributing occlusal load more evenly. Options range from selective occlusal adjustment or recontouring of affected teeth, to restorative redesign, orthodontic realignment, or the use of occlusal splints or night guards. In complex cases, multidisciplinary care involving prosthodontics, orthodontics, or periodontics may be required.

Prognosis improves with accurate diagnosis and timely correction of harmful contacts, though relapse can occur if contributing factors are not addressed. See also occlusion, temporomandibular joint disorders, dental wear, and orthodontics.