loading

Loading refers to the process of bringing data, resources, or a physical force into a state where it can be used. In computing, loading describes the transfer, interpretation, and preparation of programs, data, and media so they can be executed or displayed. In engineering and applied sciences, loading denotes the application of external forces—such as weight and pressure—on a structure or component.

In computing, loading often begins when a program starts or a file is opened. The sequence typically involves locating data, reading it from storage or the network, decoding or parsing it, and allocating memory for use by the processor or renderer. Factors that influence loading time include storage speed, network latency, data size, and the efficiency of parsing and rendering. Users experience loading through indicators such as progress bars, skeleton screens, or placeholder content, and perceived performance depends on responsiveness during loading and how quickly useful content appears.

Common loading strategies aim to balance responsiveness with resource use. Eager loading fetches data up front, while lazy loading defers work until it is needed. Progressive rendering, streaming, preloading, and caching are other approaches to reduce wait times and smooth transitions.

In data processing, loading means moving data from external sources into memory, a database, or a processing pipeline. This step may involve validation, type conversion, and schema mapping and is often followed by transformation and integration (ETL or ELT) processes.

In engineering, loading is a basic concept for stress analysis, design, and safety. Designers consider static and dynamic loads, load paths, peak magnitudes, repetition, and environmental conditions to ensure structural integrity.