localized

Localized is an adjective meaning confined to a particular place or context. In everyday language it describes objects or effects restricted in extent, and in technical disciplines it describes phenomena that occur within a bounded region or scope.

In medicine, a localized condition affects only a specific area of the body. Localized infections, injuries, or lesions are limited to one tissue or organ and may be distinguished from systemic or disseminated disease. Diagnosis and treatment focus on the affected site.

In geography and the social sciences, localized phenomena are events or patterns confined to a small area, such as localized weather, urban micro-regions, or cultural differences within a city.

Localization, or l10n, is the process of adapting content for a particular locale, including translation, formatting of dates and currencies, and cultural adjustments. This is distinct from internationalization, which prepares software and content to support multiple locales.

In mathematics, localization is a construction that concentrates attention near a chosen subset, usually by inverting a multiplicative set. For a ring A and S, the localized ring S^{-1}A encodes behavior near the elements of S; local rings and stalks of schemes arise from this construction.

In chemistry and materials science, phenomena can be described as localized when they occur in a restricted region, such as localized corrosion or localized heating, as opposed to uniform, bulk processes.