labrasion

Labrasion is a term used in dentistry to describe abrasion of the labial (lip-facing) surfaces of the anterior teeth caused by mechanical wear. It is considered a form of noncarious tooth wear and is distinct from attrition (tooth-to-tooth wear) and erosion (chemical dissolution). The term is sometimes used interchangeably with labial abrasion, though not all literature adopts it consistently.

Causes and patterns of labrasion include repetitive friction between the labial tooth surfaces and external objects or appliances. Common contributors are aggressive toothbrushing with hard or medium-bristled brushes, abrasive toothpaste, and habit-related contacts such as fingernails, pencils, or retainers. The wear typically presents as notches or grooves at the cervical third of the labial surfaces of maxillary anterior teeth, though patterns can vary with technique and dentition. The damage is usually gradual and irreversible on enamel if the protective layer is worn away.

Diagnosis involves clinical examination, patient history, and assessment of wear facets and tooth position. Differentiation from erosion and attrition relies on the wear pattern, surface characteristics, and known contributing behaviors. Radiographs are generally not diagnostic for abrasion but may help assess the surrounding tooth structure.

Prevention and management focus on behavior modification and restoration as needed. Preventive measures include using a soft-bristled toothbrush, choosing low-abrasive toothpaste (lower RDA values), avoiding harsh brushing techniques, and addressing habits or appliances that contribute to wear. Restorative options for already worn surfaces range from composite bonding or veneers to enamel recontouring in mild cases, with more extensive cases requiring individualized treatment planning. Regular dental monitoring helps track progression and effectiveness of preventive strategies.