hond

In Dutch usage, hond denotes the domestic dog, Canis lupus familiaris, a domesticated mammal that lives with humans in a wide range of roles. Dogs are descendants of the gray wolf and are among the most variable and widely distributed mammals.

Domestication and history: Dogs were the first domesticated animals. Genetic and archaeological evidence indicate domestication from gray wolves at least 15,000 years ago, with some estimates suggesting earlier events. Over time, dogs adapted to diverse environments and human needs.

Variation and roles: There are hundreds of breeds recognized by major kennel clubs and registries. Dogs vary greatly in size, coat, and temperament, and perform roles including companionship, service work, herding, guarding, hunting, and search and rescue.

Biology and behavior: Dogs have a keen sense of smell and hearing, are social and trainable, and communicate through vocalizations and body language. Lifespan and health depend on breed, size, care, and genetics.

Care and welfare: Responsible ownership includes regular exercise, balanced diet, routine veterinary care, dental hygiene, grooming, and socialization. Breeding practices and puppy mills raise welfare concerns, so many people obtain dogs from shelters or reputable breeders.