puppy

A puppy is a young dog, typically under one year of age. The term broadly covers many stages of early life from birth to the end of the first year, though the duration of puppyhood varies by breed and individual development. Puppies are born dependent on their dam and undergo rapid physical and behavioral changes in the first months of life.

During early weeks, puppies pass through critical milestones: eye and ear opening, teething, and the transition from nursing to solid food. Socialization with humans and other animals during the 3-14 week window greatly influences behavior and adaptability later. Proper stimulation, handling, and positive experiences help reduce fear and aggression in adulthood.

Care and training: Puppies require a balanced diet formulated for growth, regular veterinary care, vaccination, parasite prevention, and a consistent routine. Early training emphasizes house training, crate training, and basic commands. Gentle, positive reinforcement methods are recommended; early socialization with appropriate exposure is encouraged while avoiding rough handling or unsafe environments.

Health and lifecycle: Most dogs transition to adulthood after about a year, though larger breeds mature later. The typical lifespan ranges from about 10 to 15 years, depending on size, breed, and health. Ownership considerations include time commitment, financial costs, and ongoing grooming and exercise needs. Rescue organizations and shelters frequently place puppies with adopters.