Puppies

Puppies are the juvenile stages of domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris). They are typically born with eyes and ears closed and rely on caregivers for warmth and nutrition. The puppy period covers birth through early development, with rapid growth and learning as they mature toward adolescence. Most puppies reach social maturity at about one year, though timing varies by breed and individual.

During the first weeks, puppies nurse and begin weaning to solid food. By 4 to 6 months, most have their full set of permanent teeth. A crucial socialization window occurs between about 3 and 14 weeks, when exposure to people, animals, environments, and new experiences shapes behavior. Puppy biting, play, and chews are normal; training to inhibit biting is important.

Nutrition and health: Provide age-appropriate puppy food formulated for growth. Feed several small meals daily and provide fresh water. Regular veterinary care includes vaccinations beginning at 6 to 8 weeks, followed by boosters, deworming, flea and parasite control, and spay/neuter considerations when appropriate.

Training and care: Establish a consistent routine for house training, crate training, and basic commands. Socialization with other dogs and people helps prevent fear and aggression. Exercise needs vary by breed but generally increase with age; provide mental stimulation and safe toys.

Lifespan and welfare: Puppies require ongoing enrichment, safe housing, veterinary care, and responsible ownership. Adoption from shelters or breeders should prioritize health testing and humane practices. Common risks include infectious diseases, congenital defects, and accidents; address concerns promptly with a veterinarian.