chews

Chews refers to both the act of chewing and to items that are designed to be chewed. In humans, chewing (mastication) is the first stage of digestion, involving teeth, jaw muscles, tongue, and saliva. It mechanically breaks down food, mixes it with saliva, and prepares it for swallowing and further digestion.

Products designed to be chewed come in several forms. Chewing gum is a non-digestible product meant to be chewed for flavor, breath freshening, or oral-care claims. There are also chewable consumables such as vitamins, minerals, and supplements, which are formulated to be chewed or dissolved in the mouth before swallowing or absorption. Chewy candies and energy chews are other common examples.

Animal chews are items intended for animals, particularly dogs, to chew for enrichment, mental stimulation, and dental wear. Common types include rawhide, bully sticks, antler chews, and specially formulated dental chews that claim to reduce plaque. Chews vary in hardness and digestibility, and some pose risks such as choking, gastrointestinal blockage, or tooth damage. It is important to select appropriate sizes and supervise use.

Safety and health considerations include the role of chewing in saliva production, which can aid digestion and oral comfort in some contexts. Excessive or forceful chewing can cause jaw strain or dental wear. For pets, certain chews—especially those containing hidden ingredients or being overly hard—may pose hazards. Some sugar-free chew products use xylitol, which is highly toxic to dogs. Regulatory oversight generally covers labeling, ingredients, and safety for foods, supplements, and pet chews. See also mastication and dental care products.