antler

Antler is a bony growth that projects from the skull of certain mammals, most notably deer, elk, moose, and caribou. It is composed of bone and covered by a thin layer of skin. Antlers are shed annually and regrow each year, with the new growth typically appearing as a velvet-like tissue that hardens over time. The antlers of male deer are typically larger and more elaborate than those of females, a characteristic known as sexual dimorphism. This difference is due to hormonal influences, with testosterone playing a significant role in the development of larger antlers in males.

Antlers serve multiple purposes. They are used in combat during the mating season, with larger and more intricate antlers often providing a competitive advantage. Additionally, antlers can be used for defense against predators. In some cultures, antlers are also valued for their aesthetic qualities and are used in jewelry, decorative items, and traditional medicine.

The structure of antlers varies among species. For example, the antlers of deer typically branch out from a central beam, while those of moose and elk often have a more complex structure with multiple tines. The growth and development of antlers are influenced by genetic factors, environmental conditions, and the overall health of the animal.