hairthinning

Hair thinning, also referred to as thinning hair, is the gradual loss of hair density, leading to a sparser appearance on the scalp. It can affect men and women, and may occur in localized patches or more diffusely across the scalp. Hair thinning is distinct from complete baldness, though both can result from overlapping causes.

Common causes include androgenetic alopecia (genetic pattern hair loss), telogen effluvium (diffuse shedding after stress, illness, childbirth, or hormonal changes), traction alopecia from prolonged tight hairstyles, and medical conditions such as thyroid disease, iron deficiency, or autoimmune disorders. Medications, nutritional deficiencies, and aging can also contribute.

Diagnosis typically begins with a medical history and physical examination of the scalp. A hair pull test, scalp examination, and dermoscopy may be used. Laboratory tests may check iron levels, thyroid function, and other nutritional markers if a deficiency or disease is suspected. In uncertain cases, a scalp biopsy can help distinguish conditions.

Management focuses on the underlying cause and symptom relief. Treatments may include topical minoxidil to stimulate growth, oral finasteride for men, antiandrogen therapies for select women, and, in some cases, low-level laser therapy or platelet-rich plasma. Severe or permanent thinning may be addressed with hair transplantation or cosmetic options such as wigs. Nutritional optimization and stress management are commonly advised.

Prognosis varies by cause. Reversible thinning from acute stress or deficiencies often improves with treatment, while genetic patterns may be progressive. Preventive measures include gentle hair care, avoiding tight hairstyles, minimizing chemical and heat damage, and maintaining adequate nutrition.