Nutritional

Nutritional is an adjective relating to nutrition, the science of how organisms obtain and use food. In health contexts, nutritional considerations encompass the intake of nutrients and energy necessary to maintain growth, repair, and homeostasis, as well as how dietary patterns influence disease risk.

Nutrients are typically categorized as macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and water) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats provide energy; proteins supply amino acids for tissue synthesis; minerals and vitamins support metabolism, immunity, and physiological functions; fiber and water contribute to digestion and hydration.

Nutritional status is assessed by intake analysis, biomarkers, anthropometry, and clinical examination. Recommended intakes and dietary guidelines aim to ensure adequate energy and nutrient intake while preventing excess. Foods and beverages are evaluated for nutrient density, portion size, and potential risks from processing, additives, or contaminants.

Applications include clinical nutrition, public health nutrition, and nutrition education. Interventions may involve dietary counseling, fortified foods, supplementation, or medical nutrition therapy for conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, or malnutrition. Policy efforts address labeling, school meals, agricultural policy, and sustainability.