gesneriads

Gesneriads are members of the flowering plant family Gesneriaceae, a diverse group of about 150 genera and 3,000 species. They are predominantly tropical and subtropical, with native ranges in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Many gesneriads are cultivated as ornamentals for their attractive flowers or foliage.

Plants in this group vary from terrestrial herbaceous perennials to epiphytic trailing or climbing species. Leaves are usually opposite and may be evergreen or deciduous; many species have rhizomes, stolons, or creeping stems. The flowers are typically tubular and bilaterally symmetrical, often arranged in clusters or racemes, and they display a broad color range, frequently with contrasting lips or throats. Pollination is by hummingbirds, bees, or moths, depending on the species.

Cultivation and care: Gesneriads generally prefer bright, indirect light, warm temperatures, and relatively high humidity. They require well-draining, light to medium-rich potting mixes; overwatering can lead to root rot, while drought stress slows growth. Many species benefit from consistent moisture but good air circulation and protection from cold drafts. Feeding should be light and regular during the growing season. Propagation is commonly done by leaf cuttings (especially Episcia and Streptocarpus), stem cuttings, offsets, or seeds.

Notable gesneriads include Saintpaulia (African violet), Streptocarpus, Episcia (flame violets), Columnea and Aeschynanthus (lipstick plants), and Sinningia (gloxinias). The group is valued in horticulture for compact growth, striking flowers, and, in some forms, decorative foliage.