climbing

Climbing is the activity of ascending vertical terrain, either natural rock or artificial walls. It emphasizes movement, balance, and problem-solving rather than speed. Climbers seek routes or problems of increasing difficulty and use technique and risk management to advance.

Major disciplines include rock climbing (sport, traditional, and bouldering), ice climbing, and mountaineering. Indoor climbing on artificial walls has grown into a global pastime and competitive sport. Some climbers also practice aid climbing or other specialized forms such as deep-water soloing.

Techniques center on footwork, body position, and efficient sequencing. Route reading, core tension, and careful clipping or protection placement are common concerns. Climbing styles range from static, controlled movement to dynamic, explosive moves. Grading systems—such as the French, V-scale, or Yosemite Decimal System—classify difficulty.

Equipment typically includes a harness, rope, belay device, and appropriate protection for the chosen discipline; climbing shoes, chalk, and a helmet are common. Bouldering uses crash pads. Safety emphasizes checking gear, proper belaying, partner communication, and awareness of rock quality and weather.

Climbing has ancient roots in mountaineering, evolving into modern sport and competition. It gained Olympic status in Tokyo 2020, with sport climbing combining lead, bouldering, and speed events. The activity is supported by international bodies, clubs, gyms, and extensive outdoor routes worldwide.