endotellcellelag

Endothellcellelag, commonly referred to as **endothelial cell layer dysfunction**, refers to the impaired function of the endothelium, the thin layer of cells lining the interior surface of blood vessels. The endothelium plays a critical role in regulating vascular tone, inflammation, coagulation, and permeability, making its proper function essential for maintaining cardiovascular health.

The dysfunction of endothelial cells can arise from various factors, including chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and hyperlipidemia, as well as acute stressors like oxidative stress, smoking, and physical injury. When endothelial cells become dysfunctional, they fail to produce sufficient nitric oxide (NO), a vasodilator that promotes blood flow and prevents platelet aggregation. This imbalance contributes to vasoconstriction, increased blood pressure, and a pro-thrombotic state, raising the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease and stroke.

Symptoms of endothelial dysfunction are often subtle and may include general signs of poor circulation, such as cold extremities, fatigue, or difficulty healing wounds. However, the condition is typically diagnosed through indirect measures, such as assessing blood pressure responses to stimuli, measuring biomarkers like soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) or von Willebrand factor (vWF), or performing advanced imaging techniques such as flow-mediated dilation (FMD) tests.

Management of endothelial dysfunction focuses on addressing underlying risk factors through lifestyle modifications, including a healthy diet rich in antioxidants, regular physical activity, smoking cessation, and stress reduction. Pharmacological interventions, such as statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and aspirin, may also be prescribed to improve endothelial function and reduce cardiovascular risk. Early intervention is key, as restoring endothelial health can help prevent long-term complications associated with vascular diseases.