elektromechanikai

Electromechanical (elektromechanikai) refers to systems and devices that use electrical energy to produce, control, or convert mechanical motion. The term covers a broad range of technology in which electrical, mechanical, and often control engineering intersect. Typical electromechanical components include electric motors and actuators that convert electrical energy into kinetic energy, generators and dynamometers that do the reverse, and electromechanical devices that integrate sensing and actuation with motion. In practice, electromechanical systems are central to automation, robotics, and many consumer and industrial products.

Key elements are energy conversion, control, and transmission. Actuators such as DC, AC, servo, and stepper motors, linear actuators, and solenoids provide motion; sensors such as encoders, resolvers, Hall sensors, and tachometers provide feedback; power electronics such as drives, inverters, and choppers supply controlled power; and controllers—ranging from simple microcontrollers to PLCs and advanced embedded systems—regulate performance. Mechanical transmission, including gears, belts, screws, and bearings, and protective features determine load handling and longevity.

Common electromechanical technologies include rotary and linear motors, electromechanical relays, and piezoelectric or magnetic actuators used for fine positioning. Control strategies with feedback loops enable precise speed, torque, position, and force control. Electromechanical systems are frequently integrated with software and sensors in the broader field of mechatronics.

Applications span industrial automation (conveyor drives, CNC machines), robotics (manipulators, grippers), elevators and escalators, automotive actuators (throttle, braking, seat adjustment), printers and scanners, aerospace actuators, medical devices, and consumer appliances. Design considerations include efficiency, response time, torque and speed requirements, thermal management, reliability, maintenance, and compliance with safety and electromagnetic compatibility standards.