Wizardry

Wizardry refers to the practice and depiction of magic associated with wizards. In folklore, literature, cinema, and games, wizardry covers the study of hidden laws, the casting of spells, and the use of magical artifacts to influence events or reveal hidden knowledge. The term is commonly contrasted with witchcraft, sorcery, or alchemy, though distinctions vary by tradition.

Etymology traces "wizard" to Middle English wysard, from Old English wisward or wisærd, literally "wise man." Over time, it has come to denote a practitioner who relies on knowledge and skill rather than divine authority or mere superstition.

In fantasy, wizards are often portrayed as scholars of the arcane who pursue long-term study, research, and preparation. Typical tools include incantations, magical staffs or wands, sigils, and spellbooks. Their powers may be broad or specialized, and they are frequently depicted as mentors, rulers, or guardians, sometimes vulnerable to hubris or moral ambiguity.

Wizardry has a broad cultural footprint. Merlin is one of the earliest legendary wizards; Gandalf and Dumbledore are central figures in modern fiction; in many works, wizards serve as guides or antagonists. The archetype also informs role-playing games and video games, where spellcasting is a core mechanic.

In gaming, Wizardry is a landmark series of computer role-playing games created by Sir-Tech starting in 1981. The games popularized party-based dungeon exploration and complex character progression, influencing later RPG design as well as the broader fantasy genre. The term "wizardry" is widely used in games to denote mage-like classes or abilities.