wizards

Wizards are practitioners of magic commonly found in folklore, myth, and modern fantasy. They are typically depicted as humans who have acquired extensive knowledge of spells, rituals, and magical artifacts. In fictional settings, wizards are often portrayed as scholars or advisors who gain power through study, discipline, and ethical choices rather than brute force. They may wield staffs, grimoires, or talismans and practice divination, alchemy, or elemental manipulation.

The word "wizard" originated in Middle English from wisard, derived from wiser "wise." Originally it referred to a wise person and did not always imply magical ability; by the Early Modern period it had become the label for a magic-using character. Related terms include mage, sorcerer, enchanter, and witch; in contemporary usage, the wizard archetype often connotes male-identified or gender-neutral characters, while "witch" remains common for female magic practitioners.

Across cultures, figures akin to wizards appear as sages, shamans, or magi who guard esoteric knowledge and counsel rulers or heroes. In European tradition, Merlin is a quintessential wizard; in other traditions there are similar archetypes with different names and duties. The portrayal of wizards varies from benevolent mentors to powerful antagonists.

In modern fantasy literature, film, and games, the wizard archetype serves as a source of power, mystery, and moral tension. Common elements include a mentor or rival, a formal system of magic with rules, a focus on learning, and the use of artifacts like spellbooks or wands. Some works emphasize restraint and wisdom, others celebrate ambition and perilous knowledge.