Turvotukset

Turvotukset is the Finnish term commonly used for edema, or swelling, the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the body's tissues. Edema can be generalized, affecting most of the body, or localized, affecting a single limb or area. It is both a symptom and a condition with many potential causes.

Causes of turvotukset include prolonged standing or immobility, pregnancy, and injury or infection of a limb. Underlying health conditions such as heart failure, kidney disease, liver disease, or venous insufficiency can lead to fluid buildup. Medications like certain blood pressure drugs, corticosteroids, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may contribute. Dietary factors, especially high salt intake, can worsen fluid retention. In some cases, lymphatic system problems (lymphedema) cause persistent swelling.

Swelling can be categorized as generalized or localized, and as pitting or non-pitting. Pitting edema leaves a temporary dent when pressed. Localized edema often involves a specific area such as the ankle, leg, or face and may be accompanied by skin changes, pain, or warmth.

Diagnosis typically involves a medical history and physical examination, followed by tests to identify underlying causes. Blood tests, urine tests, imaging studies (such as ultrasound to check blood flow or heart imaging), and assessment of heart, liver, and kidney function may be used.

Treatment focuses on the underlying cause and may include leg elevation, compression stockings, exercise, and lifestyle changes. Diuretics may be prescribed in some cases. Management of chronic edema may involve specialized therapies, such as lymphedema treatment. Seek urgent care for sudden, unilateral swelling with chest pain, shortness of breath, or facial swelling, as these can indicate emergencies.