Swine

Swine is a common name for members of the family Suidae, especially the domestic pig and its wild relatives. The species most associated with swine is Sus scrofa, which includes the Eurasian wild boar and the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus).

Swine are omnivorous, with a stout body, short legs, a flexible snout used for rooting, and a digestive system adapted to a varied diet. They have a relatively fast growth rate and coat colors that vary by breed. They are highly social and communicate with grunts, squeals, and other vocalizations.

Wild boar inhabit forests, grasslands, and wetlands across Europe, Asia, and parts of North Africa. Domestic pigs are raised worldwide in farms, ranches, and smallholders, often in enclosures that vary in size and enrichment.

Domestication occurred in multiple regions over thousands of years, and modern breeds result from selective breeding for meat, fat, temperament, and productivity. Management includes housing, feeding, vaccination, and welfare considerations to address health and well-being.

Gilt reaches sexual maturity around five to eight months; gestation is about 114 days. Litter sizes commonly range from six to twelve piglets. Weaning typically occurs at three to eight weeks, and growth to market weight varies by breed and management.

Wild boar populations can come into conflict with agriculture in some areas but are protected in others. Domestic pigs face welfare concerns related to confinement and enrichment; disease threats include African swine fever and other pathogens that affect health and production.