Suuhaiguste

Suuhaiguste, also known as herpes labialis or cold sores, are common infections characterized by the appearance of painful, blistering lesions typically located on the lips or around the mouth. They are caused primarily by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), although HSV-2 can also be responsible in some cases. The infection is highly contagious and spread through direct contact with infected saliva or skin lesions.

The initial outbreak often occurs during childhood or adolescence and may be accompanied by symptoms such as fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes. Recurrent episodes are common and may be triggered by factors like stress, illness, fatigue, sun exposure, or hormonal changes. The primary lesions usually begin as small, fluid-filled blisters that rupture, crust over, and heal within one to two weeks without scarring.

Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on characteristic lesion appearance and patient history. Laboratory tests such as PCR (polymerase chain reaction) or viral culture can confirm the presence of HSV in atypical or recurrent cases.

There is no cure for herpes labialis; however, antiviral medications like acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir can help reduce the severity and duration of outbreaks. Over-the-counter remedies, including topical creams and pain relievers, can alleviate discomfort. Preventative measures include avoiding contact with active lesions, maintaining good hygiene, and minimizing known triggers.

While generally benign, cold sores can be problematic for immunocompromised individuals. In rare cases, the infection can lead to more serious complications, emphasizing the importance of appropriate management and preventive care.