Strombid

Strombid is a common name used in malacology to refer to any member of the family Strombidae, the true conchs. Strombids are marine gastropod mollusks found in tropical and subtropical seas worldwide, with notable diversity in the Indo-Pacific. They typically inhabit shallow waters, including sandy bottoms, seagrass beds, and coral reef margins, from intertidal to moderately subtidal zones. Several species are prized for their large, sculptured shells.

Strombids share characteristic shell features: a thick, heavy shell with a rounded to spindle-shaped outline, a high spire, and a relatively large body whorl. The outer lip is often flared in adults, sometimes with spiny or fluted ornamentation, and the aperture includes a long siphonal canal. The animal's foot is broad, and many species exhibit a distinctive leaping locomotion in which the foot grips the substrate and the shell is alternately raised and propelled.

Ecology and behavior: Strombids are mostly herbivorous grazers or detritivores, feeding on algae and organic material on substrates; some species may feed on seagrass or detrital films. They are preyed upon by fish, crabs, and other predators. Reproduction usually involves free-spawning, though some species show direct development; many lay gelatinous masses of eggs.

Taxonomy and human use: The family Strombidae contains numerous genera, including Strombus, Lambis, and Conomurex. The term strombid is common in older literature; in modern usage, strombids or Strombidae are preferred. Shell collecting has historically affected some populations; conservation concerns include habitat degradation, collection pressure, and climate-induced changes to seagrass beds and reefs.

Fossil record: Strombidae has a long fossil record dating from the Cretaceous, providing valuable data for marine paleoenvironments.