beds

Beds are pieces of furniture designed to support sleeping. They typically consist of a frame or base that rests on legs or a foundation, with a mattress placed on top. Many beds include additional components such as a headboard, footboard, and side rails. The frame can be made of wood, metal, or a combination, and the base may be a solid platform, a slatted support, or a box spring foundation. Bedding, including sheets, blankets, and pillows, is used to cover and comfort the sleeper.

The mattress is the primary sleeping surface and can be innerspring, memory foam, latex, hybrid, or adjustable. The bed base supports the mattress and can be a solid platform, slats, or a box spring. Some beds are designed for space efficiency or multi-function, such as bunk beds, loft beds, daybeds, trundle beds, canopy beds, or Murphy beds that fold into a wall or cabinet.

Size varies by country. In many regions, common standard sizes include twin (or single), full/double, queen, and king. In Europe and elsewhere, bed sizes are often described by width in centimeters. Mattress depth and firmness vary, with options to suit different body weights and sleeping positions. Proper bed height, clear space under the bed, and supportive pillows contribute to ergonomic sleep posture.

Beds have been a central element of sleeping furniture since ancient times, evolving from simple platforms to ornate beds with canopies and carved frames. Today, beds remain the focal point of most bedrooms and are designed for comfort, practicality, and health, with ongoing innovations in materials, ergonomics, and sleep science.