Shortwool

Shortwool is a category used in wool production and textile trade to describe fleece from sheep breeds that produce relatively short staple lengths and fiber that is typically coarser than that of longwool or fine-wool varieties. The term is largely traditional and varies by region.

Key characteristics include shorter staple length, and fibers that are generally thicker (coarser) than those of fine wools. The hand feel and luster vary by breed, but shortwool tends to yield yarns with greater warmth and durability than finer wools.

Shortwool fibers are commonly processed into woolen fabrics rather than worsted yarns, due to the shorter fibers and lower alignment. They are used for heavy, durable textiles such as tweeds, blankets, outerwear, and upholstery; blends with longer-staple fibers or synthetics can improve handling and softness.

In agricultural terms, shortwool describes certain groups of temperate-climate breeds; flock management and regional climate influence fleece properties. In modern mills, shortwool is often part of blended lots, and fabric mills may select shortwool for specific weight classes or durability requirements.

Compared with longwool and fine-wool varieties, shortwools emphasize robustness and economy; they may require more frequent shearing or selection to balance uniformity. The term remains common in regional wool markets and historic textile traditions.