Scutigeridae

Scutigeridae is a family of centipedes in the class Chilopoda and the order Scutigeromorpha. The family includes several genera, with Scutigera being the best known; the house centipede Scutigera coleoptrata is a familiar representative. Members of Scutigeridae are elongate, with a high number of long legs that contribute to a striking, rapid gait. They possess well-developed eyes and typical centipede forcipular venom delivery organs, used to subdue prey.

Morphology and identification in this family are marked by an elongated body plan, a relatively large head shield, and numerous legs that extend well beyond the body when extended. The legs are used for locomotion and sensing the environment, aiding rapid movement across diverse substrates such as leaf litter, bark, stone, or indoor spaces in some species.

Distribution and habitat for Scutigeridae are worldwide in warm regions, with many species adapted to leaf litter, under rocks and logs, or other sheltered microhabitats. Some members, notably Scutigera coleoptrata, have become cosmopolitan through human activity and can be found in buildings in suitable climates.

Behavior and ecology: Scutigeridae centipedes are nocturnal to crepuscular predators, feeding on insects and other arthropods. They rely on their speed and vision to pursue prey. Like other centipedes, they possess elongated bodies with paired forcipules that inject venom to immobilize prey.

Life cycle and reproduction: Females lay eggs in concealed or sheltered locations, and juveniles hatch as smaller versions of adults, undergoing molts as they grow. Development is direct, without a larval stage.

Human interactions: Scutigeridae species, especially the house centipede, are commonly encountered in human environments. They are generally beneficial for pest control, though bites from centipedes are uncommon and typically not dangerous to healthy individuals.