Quetzals

Quetzals are a group of vibrant birds in the family Trogonidae, native to the montane forests of Central America. The best known is the resplendent quetzal (Pharomachrus mocinno). Males have metallic green upperparts, a red belly, and long, white tail streamers; females are paler with shorter tails. Quetzals occur from southern Mexico through Guatemala and into Honduras and Nicaragua, typically at elevations between 1,000 and 3,000 meters. They feed largely on fruit, including large drupes, and also take insects; their diet centers on forest trees with fruiting crops.

Quetzals are mostly solitary or occur in small family groups and are shy, making them difficult to observe. They are known for their slow, glide-like flight and for nesting in tree cavities. They lay a small clutch, usually two eggs, and both parents participate in incubation and chick rearing. Pairs are often long-term, with the male and female sharing duties during the breeding season.

Habitat loss and fragmentation due to deforestation and agricultural expansion threaten some quetzal populations, especially where cloud forest is reduced. Protected areas and sustainable forest management help conserve important populations in parts of their range.

Quetzal also denotes Guatemala's currency. The Guatemalan quetzal (ISO code GTQ) is named after the national bird, the resplendent quetzal, which is a national symbol and appears on the country's flag and coat of arms. The currency is subdivided into 100 centavos.