Psittac

Psittac, in biological usage, refers to psittacines—the birds commonly known as parrots and their allies. The term derives from the Greek psittakos meaning "parrot." In current taxonomy, psittacine birds constitute the order Psittaciformes, which includes several families such as Psittacidae (true parrots), Psittaculidae (Old World parrots), Cacatuidae (cockatoos), and Strigopidae (New Zealand parrots). The order comprises roughly 400 species distributed across tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Australasia, with a few species inhabiting temperate zones.

Parrots are characterized by zygodactyl feet (two toes facing forward and two backward), strong curved beaks, and typically vibrant plumage. They are highly social, often forming stable pairs or flocks, and many species are known for their intelligence and vocal ability, including mimicry of sounds. Diets are varied, including fruits, seeds, nuts, buds, and occasionally nectar. Nesting usually occurs in tree cavities or crevices; some species excavate nesting holes or use existing cavities.

Conservation concerns affect many psittacines. Habitat loss, illegal trapping for the pet trade, and capture for captivity have driven declines in numerous species, with several listed as Vulnerable, Endangered, or Critically Endangered. Conservation measures include habitat protection, trade regulation under CITES, and captive breeding programs. Some species are popular as pets, which has influenced both their management in the wild and welfare considerations in captivity.