parrot

Parrots are the common name for birds in the order Psittaciformes, a diverse group that includes true parrots, cockatoos, and their relatives. There are approximately 400 species, grouped into several families, with true parrots (Psittacidae) and cockatoos (Cacatuidae) being the largest. Parrots inhabit tropical and subtropical regions around the world, with the greatest diversity in Central and South America, Africa, and Australasia. They are characterized by strong, curved bills used to crack seeds and fruits, and zygodactyl feet with two toes facing forward and two backward. Many species display bright, varied plumage.

Most parrots are highly social and vocal, forming flocking groups for foraging and defense. They are known for their intelligence and problem-solving abilities; several species can learn to mimic sounds, including human speech. Their diets are diverse, typically consisting of seeds, fruits, nuts, buds, and sometimes nectar or leaves; some species specialize on particular foods such as eucalyptus or palm nuts. In the wild, they use trees and other structures for roosting and nesting.

Reproduction usually involves monogamous pairs that nest in hollow trees or similar cavities. The female lays a clutch of a few eggs, which are incubated for several weeks while the male provides food. After hatching, chicks are altricial and depend on parental care for several weeks to months.

Conservation status varies by species. Habitat loss, fragmentation, and capture for the pet trade threaten many parrots. Some species are listed as threatened or endangered. In captivity, parrots require large enclosures, environmental enrichment, and a varied diet to prevent health and behavior problems. They are kept as companion animals in many parts of the world, though responsible ownership involves proper socialization, training, and care.