Ortopeds

Ortopeds, commonly called orthopedists or orthopedic surgeons, are medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of disorders of the musculoskeletal system. This includes bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and nerves, as well as congenital deformities, trauma, infections, and tumors.

Training typically begins with a medical degree followed by a residency in orthopedics; many countries require board certification and may offer subspecialty fellowships in areas such as spine, sports medicine, hand surgery, or pediatric orthopedics.

Clinical practice combines non-surgical and surgical care. Non-surgical management may involve casting, bracing, physical therapy, analgesics, and injections. Surgical procedures include fracture fixation, joint replacement, spine operations, arthroscopy, and deformity correction. Orthopedists work with other clinicians to plan rehabilitation.

Common conditions treated include fractures, osteoarthritis, scoliosis, congenital deformities, sports injuries, and tendon or ligament disorders. Pediatric orthopedists address growth-related issues, while adults may require joint replacement or spine surgery. The field emphasizes imaging, biomechanics, and advances in minimally invasive techniques.

Ortopeds practice in hospitals, clinics, and academic centers and collaborate in multidisciplinary teams. Professional organizations and training programs exist worldwide to promote education, research, and standards of care; regional differences in education reflect local health systems and patient needs.