residency

Residency is the state or status of living in a particular place, typically with the intention to make it one's permanent home. The term is used in law, taxation, education, medicine, and the arts to describe where a person is considered to reside for purposes of eligibility, regulation, or entitlement. Residency generally depends on a combination of physical presence in a location and the person's intent to remain.

Different legal regimes distinguish residency from related concepts such as domicile or citizenship. Domicile usually implies a fixed, permanent home and intention to remain indefinitely, while residency can be temporary or situational. Tax authorities may determine residency for tax obligations based on presence thresholds, ties to the place, and other factors.

Medical residency refers to a stage of postgraduate training for physicians after medical school, typically conducted in hospitals under supervision; length varies by specialty and country; completion is often required for licensure. Artist residency programs provide artists with time, space, and sometimes funding to develop work; durations vary, and arrangements may include stipends or housing. Tax residency is a status determining tax obligations, based on physical presence and other ties; it may involve tests such as substantial presence or residency days and can affect eligibility for benefits and exemptions. School or civic residency rules may require living in a district to attend local public schools; naturalization or certain immigration statuses may also depend on residency as a condition of eligibility for benefits or status.

Residency is typically established by a combination of physical presence and legal intent, such as housing, employment, or community ties. Regulations vary widely by country, state or province, and sometimes by the specific program or benefit involved.