Mystacina

Mystacina is a genus of bats in the family Mystacinidae, endemic to New Zealand. It contains two living species: Mystacina tuberculata, commonly known as the lesser or little short-tailed bat, and Mystacina robusta, the greater short-tailed bat. Mystacina represents one of the most primitive lineages of modern bats, and the Mystacinidae family is a relict group with a fossil record extending back to the Miocene.

Distribution and habitat

Mystacina species are native to New Zealand and historically occupied native forests across the country. Today, their populations are fragmented and largely confined to remnant forest interiors and protected areas. They roost in tree hollows, crevices, and other cavities, often high in mature trees, and are adapted to forest environments.

Ecology and behavior

These bats are notable for their terrestrial foraging behavior, a trait unusual among bats. They frequently glean prey from leaf litter, bark, and understory vegetation, supplementing insect prey with fruit and nectar. They rely on echolocation for flight but use vision and smell to locate food sources on the forest floor. Morphologically they have relatively stout bodies and short wings, aiding maneuverability in cluttered habitats.

Diet and reproduction

Diet comprises insects, fruit, and nectar, with foraging concentrated in forest habitats. Reproduction typically yields a small litter annually, with seasonal breeding patterns that align with food availability and habitat conditions.

Conservation

Introduced predators such as rats, stoats, and cats, along with habitat modification, threaten Mystacina populations. Conservation measures focus on predator control, protection of forest habitats, and management within protected areas to safeguard remaining populations.