MartialArts

Martial arts are codified systems of combat practiced for self-defense, sport, fitness, philosophy, and cultural heritage. They originated in many regions, with roots in East Asia, South Asia, and the Pacific, and some traditions date back centuries. Core elements typically include physical conditioning and technique, timing and distance, and disciplined practice. Techniques may involve striking, grappling, throwing, joint locks, and weapon-based methods depending on the tradition. Training often uses drills, partner work, forms (kata or taolu), and sparring (kumite or randori). Venues for practice include dojos, dojangs, or gym spaces.

Well-known martial arts include Karate, Judo, Jiu-jitsu, Taekwondo, Kung Fu, Muay Thai, Boxing, Wrestling, Kickboxing, Aikido, Capoeira, and Savate. They can be categorized by range—striking arts, grappling arts, weapon-based arts—and by emphasis, such as self-defense, sport competition, or spiritual development. Modern martial arts have given rise to hybrid systems and sports, notably mixed martial arts (MMA) and sport karate, as well as Olympic competition in disciplines like Judo and Taekwondo.

The practice is governed by organizations that establish rules and safety standards, and protective equipment is commonly used. Beyond combat, martial arts encompass cultural rituals, ethical frameworks, and performance traditions. The global popularity of martial arts has facilitated cross-cultural exchange and the evolution of new schools and techniques.