Khutbah

Khutbah is an Islamic sermon or address delivered by an imam or designated speaker to a congregation. The term comes from the Arabic root meaning to address or to write as a formal message. Khutbah is most associated with the weekly Friday prayers, but it is also given on special occasions such as Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, and during the Hajj rites.

A typical khutbah format includes two parts delivered from a pulpit or raised place, usually before the congregational prayer. The first part often contains verses from the Qur’an, hadith, and exhortations to taqwa (piety) and righteous conduct. After a short pause and a replacement of the sermon’s focus, the second part follows and is typically shorter, offering reminders and guidance pertinent to the community. The content should be respectful and free from frivolity, focusing on moral, spiritual, and social concerns.

Timing and audience aspects vary by tradition. In many Sunni communities, attendance at the Friday khutbah is obligatory for adult men, while women may attend as well but it is not required. The language of the khutbah is commonly Arabic in traditional settings, though local languages are widely used in non-Arab regions to ensure accessibility. Imams may tailor topics to current events, social welfare, and community issues, within the bounds of religious guidance.

Variations exist between Sunni and Shia practice, but both traditions use khutbah as a formal, sermonic discourse that accompanies congregational prayer and religious observance. Special khutbahs accompany Eid prayers and major religious occasions.