Irrités

Irrités is the plural form of irrité in French and is used to describe irritation or irritated states. In medical and everyday language, the term refers to tissue or organ irritation caused by direct contact with a stimulus, rather than by an immune allergy. It is commonly used in dermatology, ophthalmology, and occupational health to categorize non-immunologic reactions.

Irritation can affect the skin, eyes, airways, or mucous membranes. Common irritants include chemicals such as acids, alkalis, solvents, and detergents; physical agents like friction, heat, cold, or radiation; and environmental factors such as smoke, dust, or fumes. The severity and duration depend on the potency of the irritant, exposure time, and individual susceptibility.

Symptoms vary by site but typically include redness, burning, stinging, itching, or swelling. Skin irritation may manifest as dermatitis or chafing; eye irritation can cause tearing and discomfort; nasal or throat irritation may cause coughing or a sore throat. Unlike allergic reactions, irritant irritation does not involve a specific immune sensitization process.

Diagnosis is usually clinical, based on history and examination. Distinguishing irritant contact dermatitis from allergic contact dermatitis can be important, as the latter involves sensitization and may require different management. Patch testing is one diagnostic tool for allergic reactions, while avoidance of the irritant is the primary management for irritant irritation.

Management focuses on removing or reducing exposure to the irritant, protecting affected areas, and supporting healing. This may include emollients for skin care, barrier creams, proper ventilation, personal protective equipment, and, when inflammation is present, topical anti-inflammatory treatments. Prevention emphasizes substituting less irritating substances, safe handling practices, and clear labeling.