chafing

Chafing is skin irritation caused by friction, often worsened by moisture and heat. It commonly develops where skin rubs against other skin or against clothing, such as the inner thighs, buttocks, nipples, and underarms. It can also occur on shoulders from straps or backpack harnesses.

Causes and risk factors include repetitive rubbing during walking or running, cycling, or manual labor; sweating and damp skin; tight or rough clothing; damp or chafing-prone areas; obesity or large body folds; and hair removal that alters how skin moves against fabric.

Symptoms range from red, stinging, or burning patches to raw, tender skin. In more severe cases, the affected skin may blister. If the skin becomes infected, it may redden further, ooze pus, or develop fever, requiring medical attention.

Treatment focuses on relieving friction, keeping the area clean and dry, and promoting healing. Gently wash with mild soap and water, pat dry, and apply a barrier or emollient such as petrolatum or zinc oxide to protect the skin. Over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream may help itchiness for a short period on intact skin, but should not be used on broken skin. Avoid irritants such as fragranced products. For painful areas, nonstick dressings or breathable fabrics can help; if open wounds exist, keep them clean and consider medical advice.

Prevention strategies include wearing well-fitting, breathable, moisture-wicking clothing; using lubricants or barrier creams before activity; reducing unnecessary friction (e.g., straps, seams); and keeping skin dry and cool during endurance activities. If chafing recurs or worsens despite these measures, consult a healthcare professional.