airways

Airways are predefined routes used for aircraft navigation, primarily in instrument flight conditions. They form a network that channels traffic between navigation aids or waypoints, providing predictable, managed paths for flight planning and air traffic control separation. Airways are published by national or international air navigation authorities and are coordinated under the standards of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). They rely on ground-based navigation aids such as VORs and DME/VORTAC, or on RNAV waypoints when satellite navigation is available, allowing both traditional beacon-defined routes and more flexible, computer-guided paths.

Altitude classification varies by region. Low-altitude airways, often called Victor airways in North America, are used below about 18,000 feet. Higher-altitude routes, commonly referred to as jet routes or upper airways, are used above that level and accommodate long-haul, high-speed flight. In many areas RNAV-based airways exist across both ranges, enabling curved or direct paths that are not tied to a single ground beacon.

Airways support efficiency and safety by standardizing routing, facilitating air traffic control staffing and sequencing, and enabling weather avoidance and congestion management. They are subject to ongoing updates to reflect changes in airspace structure, traffic demand, restrictions, or national airspace programs. The concept originated with the early use of radio navigation and remains a central component of contemporary air navigation infrastructure.