waypoints

Waypoints are reference points used in navigation and mapping to define a route or to mark positions of interest. A waypoint is typically specified by geographic coordinates, such as latitude and longitude, but can also be represented by a named location or a grid reference. In digital systems, waypoints are stored as points in a coordinate space, enabling automated routing and spatial analysis.

Waypoints serve as building blocks for routes. In aviation, maritime transport, and road navigation, a path is defined as a sequence of waypoints that a vehicle or vessel should follow. In hiking, geocaching, or drone operations, waypoints mark turning points, stops, and checkpoints. They can be entered manually, derived from maps, or generated by routing algorithms.

Coordinate formats vary. Common representations include latitude/longitude in decimal degrees or degrees-minutes-seconds, often using the WGS84 datum. Other systems use grid references such as UTM or MGRS. In specialized domains, waypoints may have identifiers, names, altitudes for aviation, or attributes like speed and altitude constraints.

Data management and accuracy are important. Datum mismatch can cause position errors; devices rely on GNSS or map databases, and updates are needed when maps change. In GIS and CAD, waypoints can be edited, analyzed, or visualized as discrete locations on a map, and can be linked to routes, tasks, or metadata.