GNSS
GNSS stands for Global Navigation Satellite System, an umbrella term for satellite-based positioning, navigation, and timing services. It encompasses all constellations that provide global coverage and synchronized timing.
The most well-known constellations are United States' Global Positioning System (GPS), Russia's GLONASS, the European Galileo,
How it works: Satellites transmit coded signals that include precise timing information. A GNSS receiver uses
Components and augmentation: system comprises space segment (satellites), control segment (ground stations maintaining ephemeris and clock
Applications and accuracy: consumer handheld receivers typically achieve several meters of accuracy under open service; differential
Signals and standards: civil signals on multiple frequency bands (GPS L1 C/A, L2C; Galileo E1; BeiDou B1;
Outlook: Ongoing modernization and interoperability continue to improve availability and resilience, including new signals and advanced