Lowaltitude

Low altitude refers to the portion of the atmosphere near the Earth’s surface. There is no single universal boundary; in practice the term is used relative to the ground and can span from the surface up to roughly 3,000 to 10,000 feet above ground level (AGL), depending on context and regulatory definitions.

In aviation, low-altitude flight includes takeoffs and landings, routine general aviation flights, helicopter operations, bush flying, crop dusting, and some search and rescue and aerial firefighting missions. Pilots operating at low altitude must manage terrain and obstacles, weather effects such as wind shear and rotor clouds, and airspace limitations. Some portions of airspace are designated for low-altitude use, while others are controlled, requiring communication with air traffic control. Drone operations often specify different altitude limits, with many jurisdictions restricting uncrewed flights to a few hundred feet AGL or similar ceilings.

Hazards at low altitude include terrain, trees, power lines, urban obstacles, birds, and localized weather phenomena such as thermals and gust fronts. To mitigate risk, pilots rely on instruments such as radar altimeters and GPS, and on safety systems like ground proximity warning or terrain awareness technologies when available. Low-altitude operations also demand careful planning for noise abatement, airspace structure, and emergency procedures.

Low-altitude flight is also associated with military practice, where aircraft fly close to the ground to reduce radar detectability and improve terrain masking, though this increases exposure to obstacles and adverse weather.

See also: low-level flight, high altitude, aerial firefighting, agricultural aviation.