RNAV

RNAV stands for area navigation. It is a method of navigation that enables an aircraft to determine its position and follow a route on any desired path within the coverage of the available navigation system. It reduces reliance on ground-based navigation aids such as VORs and NDBs by using stored waypoint data to define routes.

RNAV uses onboard position and navigation sensors, typically GNSS as the primary source, supplemented by inertial units and DME/DME substitutions as needed. Waypoints define the route and are linked to a flight management system or autopilot to guide the aircraft. Systems perform integrity checks and may use SBAS where available. RNAV is implemented in en-route and terminal routes, as well as RNAV approaches.

ICAO and national authorities define RNAV specifications, including RNAV 1 and RNAV 2 for en-route navigation, and related RNP concepts for performance-based operations. RNAV approaches may be designated RNAV (GNSS) or RNP APCH.

Benefits of RNAV include more direct routes, improved airspace efficiency, and expanded access to oceanic and remote areas. It also enables flexible flight planning and optimization of fuel use. Limitations center on dependence on satellite-based positioning and data integrity; GNSS outages, signal jamming, or database errors can affect performance. Operators must maintain certified equipment, validated navigation databases, and appropriate contingency procedures to ensure safe operation across all flight phases.