Ergonomik

Ergonomik refers to ergonomics, the interdisciplinary field focused on designing systems that fit human users. The term ergonomics derives from the Greek ergon (work) and nomos (law or science). The adjective form is used in several languages as ergonomic or ergonomik. The field considers physical, cognitive, and organizational factors to improve safety, comfort, and performance in work and daily life. The modern study emerged in the 20th century through contributions from engineering, psychology, and physiology, with a growing emphasis on evidence-based design.

Core principles include matching tools and environments to human dimensions (anthropometry), enabling neutral body postures, limiting repetitive or awkward motions, distributing loads, and supporting cognitive tasks with clear interfaces and feedback. Ergonomic work design often involves adjustable furniture and equipment, proper layout, and appropriate lighting and acoustics. Assessment methods such as task analysis, ergonomic risk screening, RULA, REBA, OWAS, and the NIOSH lifting equation help identify hazards and guide interventions.

Applications span offices, manufacturing, healthcare, crafts, and consumer products. In offices, ergonomic chairs, monitor stands, and keyboard placements reduce strain; in manufacturing, tool design and workstation layout improve efficiency and safety; in healthcare, patient handling devices and equipment design reduce risk for staff and patients. Benefits include reduced musculoskeletal disorders, fewer injuries, better comfort, and higher productivity. Limitations include costs, need for training, variability among individuals, and the risk that generic solutions do not fit all users.

Future trends emphasize inclusive or universal design, digital ergonomics with sensor feedback, remote work ergonomics, and adaptive systems that personalize the interface to individual users.