Dyesublimaatio

Dyesublimaatio, or dye-sublimation, is a digital printing process that transfers color from sublimation inks on special transfer paper to a polymer substrate under heat and pressure. The inks change from a solid to a gaseous state when heated and diffuse into the surface of polyester or other polymer coatings, becoming embedded in the material rather than sitting on top. The result is a vibrant, durable image with a smooth, soft feel.

Substrates suitable for dyesublimaatio are mainly polyester fabrics and hard surfaces that have a compatible polymer coating, such as ceramic mugs, tiles, aluminum or speciale-coated metals, and certain plastics. For textiles, the technique works best on fabrics with high polyester content (often 60–100%). Dark or colored substrates require a white underbase or a specially treated substrate; on white or very light backgrounds, colors appear most accurately.

The typical workflow involves designing the image, printing it onto sublimation transfer paper using dye-sub inks, positioning the transfer on the substrate, and applying heat and pressure with a heat press (commonly around 180–200°C for 30–60 seconds). After transfer, the substrate is cooled and ready for polishing or finishing.

Advantages of dyesublimaatio include bright color reproduction, high color resolution, and durable prints with a soft hand that withstand washing on textiles. It is especially suited for small runs, customization, and multi-item production. Limitations include the need for polyester or specially coated substrates, the challenge of printing on dark fabrics without underbase methods, and the relatively specialized equipment required for heat transfer.