mugs

A mug is a type of drinking vessel typically used for hot beverages. It is usually larger than a teacup and features a handle, which allows the user to hold the vessel without burning the hand. Typical capacity ranges from about 240 to 350 milliliters (8 to 12 ounces), though mugs come in a wide variety of sizes and shapes. While most commonly associated with coffee and tea, mugs can be used for other beverages as well, including soups.

Materials and design vary. Ceramic mugs are common and can be stoneware, porcelain, or earthenware, often finished with glaze and decorative patterns. Glass mugs are common for visual appeal, while stainless steel mugs, especially insulated travel mugs, are valued for heat retention. Enamelware, plastic, and silicone mugs are used for durability, safety, or portability. Many modern travel mugs feature double-wall vacuum insulation and lids to prevent spills.

History and production. Vessels with handles for hot drinks have appeared in various cultures since antiquity. The modern mug became widespread in Europe with advances in stoneware and porcelain production in the 18th and 19th centuries. Today mugs are mass-produced by wheel throwing or slip casting and finished with glazes or coatings; specialty mugs include hand-thrown or artist-made variants, as well as promotional or branded designs.

Uses and care. The primary use is for hot beverages, though mugs are also used for soups or cold drinks. Care depends on material: most ceramic, glass, and stainless steel mugs are dishwasher-safe, but some glazes or decorations may require hand washing. Some older or decorative mugs may have lead-containing glazes, so labeling and care are important.

Environmental and social aspects. Reusable mugs help reduce disposable cup waste and are common in homes, offices, and cafes. They are often branded or given as gifts and require regular cleaning to maintain longevity.