glaze

A glaze is a vitreous coating that, after application and firing or cooling, forms a glassy layer on a surface. Glazes are used on ceramic and glass objects to create color, patterns, and a waterproof, durable finish. They can also refer to coatings used in baking and architecture, as well as a thin ice layer formed by freezing rain.

In ceramics, glaze typically consists of silica, a flux to lower melting temperature, and colorants or opacifiers. The glaze is applied as a liquid, glossy slip and then fired in a kiln so the glaze melts and bonds to the ceramic body. Proper glaze chemistry and compatibility with the clay body are essential to prevent defects such as crazing or peeling. Glazes vary in appearance and texture, including transparent, metallic, opaque, glossy, and matte finishes. Decorators may use underglaze colors or overglaze enamels to achieve complex designs.

In cooking, a glaze is a sweet or savory coating that gives shine and flavor. It is often made from sugar syrups, fruit juices, or reduced sauces and is brushed onto foods during cooking or poured as a finishing glaze. Glazes can add gloss, stickiness, and depth of flavor to meats, vegetables, breads, or desserts.

In architecture and glassmaking, glazing refers to the fitting of glass panes into windows and façades, and to related sealing compounds. Modern glazing often emphasizes energy efficiency through insulated glass units and coatings that control heat and light transmission.

Glaze can also describe a smooth ice coating formed by freezing rain, known as glaze ice, which creates hazards on roads and structures.