brushed

Brushed is an adjective describing a surface that has been treated by a brushing process to create a fine, directional texture. The term can apply to metals, textiles, and other materials. Brushing is typically performed with abrasive belts or wire brushes, and it may be before or after other finishing steps.

In metalworking, brushed metal finishes are produced by drawing an abrasive material across the surface in a single direction. The resulting grain or tramlines appear as fine parallel lines. Common on stainless steel and aluminum for appliances, hardware, and architectural cladding, the finish masks minor imperfections and reduces glare. The appearance is directional and can be changed by rotating the surface or using different grits. Maintenance involves cleaning and occasional re-brushing to restore the grain.

In textiles, brushing refers to raising the fibers by rubbing with wire or brushing machinery to create a soft nap. Brushed fabrics include brushed cotton, flannel, and brushed wool, used for warmth and softness in clothing and bedding. The brushing process increases warmth and softness but can shed fibers and requires gentler care.

In electrical engineering, "brushed" describes devices with carbon brushes and a commutator, such as brushed DC motors and generators. The brushes conduct current between stationary and rotating parts; this design is often contrasted with brushless alternatives, which have fewer moving parts but different control characteristics.