Cebus

Cebus is a genus of New World monkeys in the family Cebidae, commonly called capuchins. They inhabit tropical forests from southern Mexico to northern Argentina. Capuchins are noted for their intelligence and tool use. In modern classifications, several tufted capuchin species have been moved to the genus Sapajus, leaving Cebus for the gracile capuchins; some sources differ in which groups they assign where.

Physically, capuchins are small to medium primates with strong limbs, a relatively short snout, and a long prehensile tail in most species. Body length ranges roughly 30–50 cm, with weight typically between 2 and 4 kg. Fur patterns vary by species, often featuring a pale face framed by a darker cap or other contrasting markings.

Ecology and behavior: They are diurnal, highly social, and arboreal, living in groups of many individuals. They spend a large portion of the day foraging and grooming, and communicate with complex vocalizations that help coordinate group movements. Capuchins are omnivorous, feeding on fruits, seeds, nuts, insects, eggs, and small vertebrates, and they may raid crops. Tool use has been observed in the wild, notably for cracking hard nuts or obtaining difficult-to-reach food.

Reproduction: Females give birth to a single infant after a gestation of about five to six months. Infants are carried and nursed for several months, with care often shared by other group members. Social structures are typically multi-female, with extended infancy and substantial social learning.

Conservation: IUCN assessments vary by species; some capuchins are listed as Least Concern, but many populations face threats from habitat loss, fragmentation, and hunting. They persist in protected areas and in disturbed forests where resources remain available.