Aotus

Aotus, commonly known as owl monkeys or night monkeys, is a genus of nocturnal New World primates in the family Aotidae. They occur in tropical forests of Central and South America, with species ranging from Panama through the Amazon basin into parts of northern and central South America.

Physical characteristics and biology: Aotus are small to medium-bodied primates with large forward-facing eyes adapted for nocturnal vision and a tapetum lucidum that reflects light to enhance night sight. Their fur varies by species, and they are generally arboreal and well adapted to life in the canopy. They rely on a combination of vision, olfaction, and hearing to locate food and navigate their environment.

Behavior and ecology: These primates are primarily nocturnal and typically live in small family groups. Social structure often centers on a monogamous pair with their offspring, although some groups may include additional relatives. Both parents participate in infant care. They communicate with vocalizations, scent marking, and tactile signals. Their diet is omnivorous, incorporating fruit, leaves, seeds, flowers, nectar, and insects.

Reproduction: Aotus species are generally monogamous, forming long-term pair bonds. Gestation lasts roughly 133–145 days, and births are usually a single infant, though twins are rare. Infants are carried and cared for by one or both parents during early development.

Taxonomy and species: The genus includes several species, such as Aotus azarae (Azara’s night monkey), Aotus trivirgatus (three-striped night monkey), Aotus lemurinus, Aotus nancymae, and Aotus vociferans, among others. Taxonomy is subject to revision as new data become available.

Conservation: Range and habitat requirements vary by species. Many Aotus populations are threatened by deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and hunting, while others remain relatively secure. Conservation status is assessed separately for each species by organizations such as the IUCN.