ABA

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a scientific discipline concerned with applying techniques based on the learning principles of behavior to bring about meaningful changes in behavior. ABA researchers study the relationship between environmental events and observable behavior, and practitioners design interventions to increase desirable behaviors and reduce problematic ones.

ABA traces to behaviorist researchers in the mid-20th century, notably B. F. Skinner, and evolved through the work of clinicians and educators. Modern ABA emphasizes data-driven assessment, functional behavior analysis to identify causes of behavior, individualized goals, and measurable outcomes. It is used in educational and clinical settings, including supports for people with autism spectrum disorder, developmental disabilities, and organizational behavior management.

Core techniques include reinforcement, shaping, prompting, fading of prompts, discrete trial training, natural environment teaching, task analysis, and data collection to monitor progress. Interventions are typically tailored to individuals and guided by a functional assessment of antecedents, behaviors, and consequences, with ongoing monitoring and adjustments based on data.

Evidence supports ABA-based interventions for skill acquisition, communication, and adaptive behaviors in many cases, particularly for children with autism when delivered intensively and with parent involvement. Critics have raised concerns about intensity, generalization, quality of life, and historical use of aversives; contemporary practice generally emphasizes ethical guidelines, least restrictive approaches, and consent.

ABA is also applied beyond clinical settings, including education, workplace performance improvement, and organizational behavior management, where it uses data-driven methods to shape behavior and outcomes.