3DGISi

3DGISi is a term used to describe a framework or approach to three-dimensional Geographic Information Systems that emphasizes integrated components and interoperable workflows. It generally denotes extending traditional GIS capabilities into 3D, with support for volumetric representations, real-time data, and cross-domain collaboration, while maintaining a focus on data fusion and analytical functionality.

Core concepts within 3DGISi include 3D data models (such as mesh, point cloud, and constructive solid geometry representations), temporal and semantic extensions, advanced spatial analytics (including visibility, line-of-sight, volumetric intersection, and proximity in three dimensions), and immersive or web-based visualization. Interoperability is a central aim, often achieved through open standards and service-oriented interfaces to enable data exchange between software tools, agencies, and disciplines.

Standards and data formats play a key role in 3DGISi, with common references including CityGML for 3D city models, IndoorGML for indoor spaces, and 3D Tiles for streaming large 3D datasets to web clients. The approach frequently relies on geospatial databases with 3D indexing and support for topological relationships, along with API ecosystems that facilitate real-time data ingestion from sensors, plus integration with 2D GIS layers and BIM data.

Applications of 3DGISi span urban planning, infrastructure management, utilities and asset monitoring, disaster and emergency response, architecture and construction, and cultural heritage. While data volume, processing requirements, and cross-domain standardization present challenges, advances in cloud computing, streaming analytics, and AI-assisted interpretation continue to broaden the practical use of 3DGISi in complex environments.