rodenticider

A rodenticide is a chemical product designed to kill rodents, primarily rats and mice. Rodenticides are used in pest control programs when infestations are established or when trapping alone is insufficient. They are typically deployed in tamper-resistant bait stations to limit exposure to children, pets, and non-target wildlife.

Rodenticides fall into several chemical classes. Anticoagulants include warfarin and related compounds, with second-generation agents such as brodifacoum, bromadiolone, and difenacoum that persist longer in the environment and can be more toxic. Non-anticoagulants act by different mechanisms, including bromethalin (a neurotoxin), cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), and zinc phosphide, which releases toxic phosphine gas in the stomach.

Most rodenticides work by disrupting physiological processes, leading to death after a period of illness or multiple feedings for some products. The risk of secondary poisoning of predators and scavengers is a major concern, particularly for second-generation anticoagulants that remain active in a carcass or discarded bait.

Use of rodenticides is typically part of an integrated pest management approach that includes sanitation, exclusion, traps, and monitoring. Label instructions, protective equipment, and safety precautions must be followed. In many jurisdictions, consumer products are restricted to specific uses and locations, with professional application required for high-risk settings.

Environmental and regulatory considerations emphasize minimizing non-target exposure, proper storage and disposal, and reporting of incidents. Resistance to rodenticides can occur, so programs often rotate active ingredients and combine multiple control methods.

Alternatives to rodenticides include mechanical traps, sanitation to reduce food sources, and rodent-proofing of buildings. When used responsibly, rodenticides can reduce rodent populations while limiting risks to humans and wildlife.